This assignment will help you become more familiar with the differences between direct quotes and paraphrasing content from scholarly sources
Effective paraphrasing and citation skills allow writers to clearly and concisely present and credit the most important or relevant ideas from published works in their papers.
This assignment will help you become more familiar with the differences between direct quotes and paraphrasing content from scholarly sources.
Use the “Practice Direct Quotes and Paraphrasing” document to complete the assignment.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
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Sample Expert Answer and Explanation
Practice Direct Quotes and Paraphrasing
Assignment Instructions:
Activity 1: Direct quote, and paraphrasing content.
| Essay Content | Direct Quote | Paraphrase |
| This study aimed to determine if there was a change in participants’ physical activity minutes prior to versus after stay at-home orders were issued in the State of Nevada, to determine if there was a change in depression as measured by PHQ-9 scores prior to versus after stay-at-home orders, and to understand if traditional predictors of depression scores among college students predicted changes in physical activity and depression scores.
The most interesting findings from this study were that there was a significant decrease in self-reported minutes of physical activity and worse depression scores in survey participants after the stay-at-home order was issued compared to before the order. Additionally, many characteristics that have previously been shown to impact depression among college students were not significant predictors of worsening depression scores among participants in this study. Hispanic students were less likely than white students to have a worse PHQ-9 score after the stay-at-home order was issued. Previous studies have found that Hispanic students experience cultural stressors that may negatively affect their mental health (Arbona & Jimenez, 2014; Corona et al., 2017; Jardin et al., 2018). For example, after controlling for “general college stress,” Hispanic students had “minority-related stress,” or negative experiences “linked to social, physical, or cultural attributes salient to the specific minority group individuals identify or are identified with” that was uniquely associated with depression (Arbona & Jimenez, 2014, p.163). Additionally, Hispanic students are more likely to display the cultural value of familism (Kariria Perez & Cruess, 2014) and are more likely to live at home during college (Ovink & Kalogrides, 2015). Previous research has found that familism was protective against depressive symptoms in Hispanic college students and stressed the importance of facilitating such cultural values (Castillo et al., 2004; Corona et al., 2017). It is possible that the stay-at-home order enabled some students to spend more time with their families, possibly buffering some of the negative mental health outcomes, though further investigation is needed.
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According to Coughenour et al. (2021), “there was a significant decrease in self-reported minutes of physical activity and worse depression scores in survey participants after the stay-at-home order was issued compared to before the order” (par. 1). | Coughenour et al. (2021) investigated the impact of stay-at-home orders on physical activity and depression among participants in Nevada, specifically examining changes in physical activity and depression scores as measured by the PHQ-9 before and after the orders. The study found a notable reduction in self-reported physical activity and an increase in depression scores following the implementation of the stay-at-home orders. |
| Reference for Essay Content:
Coughenour, C., Gakh, M., Pharr, Bungum, T. & Jalene, S. (2021). Changes in depression and physical activity among college students on a diverse campus After a COVID-19 stay-at-home order. Journal of Community Health, 46, 758-766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00918-5 |
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Activity 2
| Essay Content | Direct Quote | Paraphrase |
| Recently, there has been widespread applications of artificial intelligence (AI) supported technologies in healthcare institutions for improved care service quality and efficiency of medical resources (Lee & Lee, 2020; Yoon & Lee, 2019). Since AI encompasses machine learning, natural language processing, and smart robots, AI-based technologies provide numerous opportunities for innovation in the knowledge-intensive healthcare industry (Ramesh et al., 2004; Safavi & Kalis, 2019).
Based on this context, this study analyzes several real-world examples in the healthcare industry to understand how AI affects care services and operational processes. This line of research will allow us to recommend a set of strategies to enhance the efficiency of patient treatment and prevention of diseases, as well as the operational efficiency of hospitals. For this purpose, we performed an extensive review of the literature and diverse real-world cases to uncover AI-based technologies and their applications in healthcare systems. This study is meaningful in that it presents new insights about the direction of technology-based service operations management. The results of our study are expected to provide valuable new information to hospital administrators, medical personnel, medical school curricula developers, education and training managers, human-machine roles and responsibilities specialists, privacy and cybersecurity analysts, and medical ethics professionals. Since AI-based technologies/systems are based on vast datasets, privacy issues arise in terms of data collection and sharing [Safavi & Kalis, 2019; Rigby, 2019). Disease-related data are very difficult to share and regulate across diverse databases because patient records contain personal information (Das et al., 2012). This means that companies that develop software must adhere to confidentiality rules, which can lead to obstacles in AI development. As AI technology reaches possible conclusions based on the machine learning of the accumulated data provided, the decision-making process does not consider the specific circumstances of individual patients, which raises ethical, moral, and legal issues. Thus, it is necessary to discuss the rules and norms that AI technology should observe, such as ethics, laws, and personal values which regulate individuals’ behavior in society. |
The study by Lee and Yoon (2021) depicts that, “it is necessary to discuss the rules and norms that AI technology should observe, such as ethics, laws, and personal values which regulate individuals’ behavior in society” (par. 2). | Lee and Yoon (2021) aimed to explore the impact of AI technologies on healthcare by analyzing real-world examples to assess their effects on care services and operational processes. The study highlights that while AI can enhance patient treatment and hospital efficiency, it also raises ethical, legal, and moral concerns due to its reliance on generalized data, necessitating a discussion on appropriate regulations and norms for AI use in healthcare. |
| Reference for Essay Content:
Lee, D.; Yoon, S.N. (2021). Application of Artificial Intelligence-Based Technologies in the Healthcare Industry: Opportunities and Challenges. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010271 |
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How direct quotes and paraphrasing relates to academic integrity
Academic integrity is a major concern when it comes to scholarly work. As a regard, the use of direct quotes and paraphrasing is crucial in maintaining this principle. Direct quotes involve reproducing the exact words from a source, which provides authoritative evidence and supports the credibility of the research (Lancaster, 2021). However, it is essential to properly attribute these quotes to the original authors to avoid plagiarism.
Paraphrasing, on the other hand, involves rephrasing the ideas from a source in one’s own words while retaining the original meaning (Lancaster, 2021). This approach demonstrates an understanding of the material and allows for a more seamless integration into one’s work. The use of proper citation is equally important when paraphrasing, since it acknowledges the original source of the ideas and maintains the integrity of the research.
To uphold academic integrity during my graduate studies, I will make use of two key strategies. I will first track all sources of information, including direct quotes and paraphrased content, and ensure accurate and consistent citation in my work. This practice will prevent accidental plagiarism and ensure that all contributions are properly attributed. Second, I will use plagiarism detection tools to review my work before submission. These tools will help identify any missed similarities with existing literature and ensure that my writing maintains originality and adheres to ethical standards (Lancaster, 2021). The application of these strategies will contribute to a culture of academic honesty and respect for intellectual property.
Reference
Lancaster, T. (2021). Academic dishonesty or academic integrity? Using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to investigate positive integrity in academic integrity research. Journal of academic ethics, 19(3), 363-383.
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