Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories. For this Assignment, you evaluate drug treatment plans for patients with various disorders and justify drug therapy plans based on patient history and diagnosis. To Prepare: Review the case study posted in “Announcements” by your Instructor for this Assignment Review the information provided and answer questions posed in the case study When recommending a medication, write out a complete prescription for the medication Whenever possible, use clinical practice guidelines in developing your answers when possible Include at least three references to support your answer and cite them in APA format. Directions: For each of the scenarios below, answer the questions in bullet point format using your required learning resources, clinical practice guidelines, and Medscape. Explain the problem and discuss how you would address the problem. When recommending medications, write out a complete prescription for each medication. What order would you send to a pharmacy? Include drug, dose, route, frequency, special instructions, # dispensed (days supply), etc. Also state if you would continue, discontinue or taper the patient’s current medications. Use at least 3 sources for each scenario and cite sources using APA format. WEEK 2 ASSIGNMENT (covers week 1-2) SCENARIO 1 Why are cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) important in drug metabolism? The majority of medications are metabolized by what CYP enzyme? Utilizing the Medscape pill identifier, enter the following characteristics to identify the medication. What CYP enzyme metabolizes this medication? Write a sample prescription for it. Imprint (ATO 40) Shape (Oval) Color (White) Form (Tablet) Scoring (None) SCENARIO 2 JS is a 56-year-old female presenting with redness, warmth and tingling sensation in her neck and face. Current medications include semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.5 mg SC qWeek and Niacin 1,000 mg BID. She is 5’4” and weighs 175 lbs. Fasting lipid profile shows total cholesterol 200, LDL cholesterol 110, and Triglycerides 150. Blood pressure readings of 139/91 and 140/89. What is the patient’s HDL? BMI? What are goal Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and Triglyceride levels for JS? What treatment plan would you implement (include complete medication orders)? How would you monitor the effectiveness of your treatment plan? How many risk factors for coronary artery disease does she have? Identify them specifically. SCENARIO 3 CL is a 48-year-old African American male with blood pressure readings today of 159/91 and 165/95. He states he is taking Advil Cold & Sinus for a cold x 1 week. Additional medications include adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneous injection every other week, Wellbutrin XL 300 mg daily and pantoprazole 40 mg daily 30 minutes before breakfast. How would you treat CL? What would you prescribe (include complete medication order)? What is his goal blood pressure per JNC 8? SCENARIO 4 Does nitroglycerin have a high or low first pass effect? Please discuss why this is important to know and how it relates to bioavailability. What route has 100% bioavailability? In addition to parenterally, how can this medication be given to counter the first pass effect? Write a sample prescription for this medication.

Question

Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories. For this Assignment, you evaluate drug treatment plans for patients with various disorders and justify drug therapy plans based on patient history and diagnosis. To Prepare: Review the case study posted in “Announcements” by your Instructor for this Assignment Review the information provided and answer questions posed in the case study When recommending a medication, write out a complete prescription for the medication Whenever possible, use clinical practice guidelines in developing your answers when possible Include at least three references to support your answer and cite them in APA format. Directions: For each of the scenarios below, answer the questions in bullet point format using your required learning resources, clinical practice guidelines, and Medscape. Explain the problem and discuss how you would address the problem. When recommending medications, write out a complete prescription for each medication. What order would you send to a pharmacy? Include drug, dose, route, frequency, special instructions, # dispensed (days supply), etc. Also state if you would continue, discontinue or taper the patient’s current medications. Use at least 3 sources for each scenario and cite sources using APA format. WEEK 2 ASSIGNMENT (covers week 1-2) SCENARIO 1 Why are cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) important in drug metabolism? The majority of medications are metabolized by what CYP enzyme? Utilizing the Medscape pill identifier, enter the following characteristics to identify the medication. What CYP enzyme metabolizes this medication? Write a sample prescription for it. Imprint (ATO 40)  Shape (Oval)  Color (White)  Form (Tablet)  Scoring (None) SCENARIO 2 JS is a 56-year-old female presenting with redness, warmth and tingling sensation in her neck and face. Current medications include semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.5 mg SC qWeek and Niacin 1,000 mg BID. She is 5’4” and weighs 175 lbs. Fasting lipid profile shows total cholesterol 200, LDL cholesterol 110, and Triglycerides 150. Blood pressure readings of 139/91 and 140/89. What is the patient’s HDL? BMI? What are goal Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and Triglyceride levels for JS? What treatment plan would you implement (include complete medication orders)? How would you monitor the effectiveness of your treatment plan? How many risk factors for coronary artery disease does she have? Identify them specifically. SCENARIO 3 CL is a 48-year-old African American male with blood pressure readings today of 159/91 and 165/95. He states he is taking Advil Cold & Sinus for a cold x 1 week. Additional medications include adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneous injection every other week, Wellbutrin XL 300 mg daily and pantoprazole 40 mg daily 30 minutes before breakfast. How would you treat CL? What would you prescribe (include complete medication order)? What is his goal blood pressure per JNC 8? SCENARIO 4 Does nitroglycerin have a high or low first pass effect? Please discuss why this is important to know and how it relates to bioavailability. What route has 100% bioavailability? In addition to parenterally, how can this medication be given to counter the first pass effect? Write a sample prescription for this medication.

Dan Palmer · Accepted Answer

This case study assignment explores pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics through real-world case studies, emphasizing appropriate medication selection, dosing, and monitoring. Each case scenario addresses unique patient factors, such as comorbidities and current medications, to ensure safe and effective pharmacologic therapy. Clinical practice guidelines and recent literature are integrated to support decision-making, with complete prescription orders provided. The goal is to apply advanced pharmacological knowledge in individualized patient care across diverse clinical situations. Scenario 1 Importance of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in Phase 1Drug Metabolism CYPs play a vital part in the phase I metabolism of drugs, mainly through oxidation reactions that increase a drug’s polarity and facilitate excretion (Zhao et al., 2021). These enzymes are indispensable for changing lipophilic substances into hydrophilic forms that can be eliminated by the kidneys or bile (Zhao et al., 2021). Variability in CYP enzyme activity due to genetics, liver function, or drug interactions can significantly impact drug levels, efficacy, and toxicity. CYP enzyme Metabolizing Most of the Drugs Iversen et al. (2022) reported that about 50-60% of the medications are metabolized by the, making it the most significant isoenzyme in the CYP450 system. Medscape Pill Identifier Identified Drug: Atorvastatin calcium 40 mg (Lipitor) (Medscape, n.d). CYP Enzyme: CYP3A4 is primarily responsible for the metabolism of atorvastatin. Rationale for Medication Use Atorvastatin is a widely prescribed HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) used to treat dyslipidemia and reduce cardiovascular risk. It is metabolized by CYP3A4 and has a well-established safety and efficacy profile. Understanding the CYP3A4 pathway is critical in avoiding drug-drug interactions, particularly with medications that inhibit or induce this enzyme, which may alter atorvastatin plasma levels and toxicity risk (e.g., rhabdomyolysis). Prescription Order Patient Name: RA Drug: Atorvastatin 40 mg Route: Oral Frequency: Take one daily at bedtime Special Instructions: Take with food or no food. Avoid grapefruit juice. Monitor liver enzymes. Dispense: #30 tablets (30-day supply) Refills: 3 Prescriber: [Insert Provider Name, Credentials, and DEA #] Scenario 2: Hyperlipidemia and Drug-Induced Flushing Patient Summary Name: JS Age: 56 Sex: Female Current Medications: “Semaglutide (Ozempic) 0.5 mg SC, taken once every week, Niacin 1,000 mg BID” Vitals & Labs: Wt: 175 lbs, Ht: 5’4” BMI: 30.0 (Obese, Class I) BP: 139/91 and 140/89 (Hypertension (Stage 2) Lipids: Total Cholesterol = 200 LDL = 110 Triglycerides = 150 HDL = 200 - 110 - (150 ÷ 5) = 60 mg/dL Cardiovascular Risk Factors Obesity (BMI 30) Hypertension Type 2 Diabetes (inferred from Ozempic use) Dyslipidemia (borderline high LDL) Age > 55 (female) Total: 5 Risk Factors Treatment Issues Facial flushing is likely niacin-induced, a common side effect. Although HDL is optimal at 60 mg/dL, niacin use may be discontinued due to adverse effects and limited cardiovascular benefit per updated guidelines (Pasquel et al., 2021). Goals Based on Grundy et al. (2019) and American Diabetes Association (2023) clinical guidelines “Total Cholesterol: <200 mg/dL, LDL: <100 mg/dL (consider <70 mg/dL if very high risk), HDL: ≥50 mg/dL (goal met), Triglycerides: 130/80 Assess adherence and side effects Scenario 3 Patient Summary Name: CL Age: 48 Sex: African American male BP: 159/91 and 165/95 (Stage 2 hypertension) Current Medications: “Advil Cold & Sinus (pseudoephedrine: increases BP), Adalimumab 40 mg SC every 2 weeks, Wellbutrin XL 300 mg daily, Pantoprazole 40 mg daily.” Assessment Elevated BP likely exacerbated by pseudoephedrine in OTC cold medication. Patient is African American; per JNC 8, Carey et al. (2021) prefer thiazide diuretics or calcium channel blockers (CCBs) initial antihypertensives. Goal BP (per JNC 8): <140/90 for patients <60 years old without CKD or DM. Plan of Care Discontinue Advil Cold & Sinus (remove pseudoephedrine). Initiate amlodipine (a CCB) as first-line treatment (Guirguis-Blake et al., 2021). Prescription Order Drug: Amlodipine 5 mg Route: Oral Frequency: Once daily Instructions: Take with or without food. Monitor BP and for ankle swelling (Muntner et al., 2022). Dispense: #30 tablets Refills: 2 Discontinue: Advil Cold & Sinus (OTC pseudoephedrine) Monitoring Plan Measure BP in the next 2-4 weeks Look for side effects such as edema. Educate on avoiding NSAIDs/decongestants which can raise BP Thiazide should be added if BP remains elevated (Muntner et al., 2022). Scenario 4 High or Low First-Pass Effect in Nitroglycerin A strong first-pass impact. Nitroglycerin is useless when administered orally because it undergoes extensive liver metabolism before entering the bloodstream. Importance The high first-pass metabolism reduces bioavailability, requiring alternative routes to deliver effective doses (Mori et al., 2023). Bioavailability is critical in acute settings like angina where fast systemic action is needed (Mori et al., 2023). 100% bioavailability Route “Intravenous (IV) administration delivers 100% bioavailability” (Stielow et al., 2023, pg. 8038). Avoiding First-Pass Effect: Sublingual tablets or sprays (Flottmann et al., 2022) Transdermal patches Buccal tablets These bypass hepatic metabolism and provide rapid onset. Prescription Order (Sublingual) Drug: Nitroglycerin 0.4 mg Route: Sublingual Frequency: PRN for chest pain, up to every 5 minutes, max 3 doses in 15 minutes Instructions: When angina starts, place under the tongue. Avoid swallowing or chewing. Call 911 if three doses don't provide any relief. Dispense: #25 tablets Refills: 0 Conclusion In summary, the four scenarios highlight the importance of individualized, evidence-based pharmacologic management in primary care. Each case underscores critical considerations such as medication side effects, drug interactions, first-pass metabolism, and guideline-directed therapy. By applying clinical judgment and current guidelines, providers can improve patient outcomes, minimize adverse effects, and enhance adherence. Effective monitoring and patient education remain essential components of safe prescribing practices, reinforcing the role of the advanced practice nurse in delivering high-quality, patient-centered care. References American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement_1), S1–S291. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S001 Carey, R. M., Wright Jr, J. T., Taler, S. J., & Whelton, P. K. (2021). Guideline-driven management of hypertension: An evidence-based update. Circulation Research, 128(7), 827-846. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318083 Flottmann, F., Brekenfeld, C., Broocks, G., Leischner, H., McDonough, R., Faizy, T. D., ... & Maros, M. E. (2021). Good clinical outcome decreases with number of retrieval attempts in stroke thrombectomy: Beyond the first-pass effect. Stroke, 52(2), 482-490. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029830 Grundy, S. M., et al. (2019). 2018 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(24), e285–e350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003 Guirguis-Blake, J. M., Evans, C. V., Webber, E. M., Coppola, E. L., Perdue, L. A., & Weyrich, M. S. (2021). Screening for hypertension in adults: Updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Jama, 325(16), 1657-1669. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2779191 Iversen, D. B., Andersen, N. E., Dalgård Dunvald, A. C., Pottegård, A., & Stage, T. B. (2022). Drug metabolism and drug transport of the 100 most prescribed oral drugs. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 131(5), 311-324. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13780 Medscape. (n.d). Pill identifier. https://reference.medscape.com/pill-identifier Mori, N., Oda, K., Takakura, H., Tanaka, Y., Yokooji, T., & Murakami, T. (2023). Comparison of berberine bioavailability between oral and rectal administrations in rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 46(11), 1639-1642. Muntner, P., Miles, M. A., Jaeger, B. C., Hannon III, L., Hardy, S. T., Ostchega, Y., ... & Schwartz, J. E. (2022). Blood pressure control among US adults, 2009 to 2012 through 2017 to 2020. Hypertension, 79(9), 1971-1980. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19222 Pasquel, F. J., Lansang, M. C., Dhatariya, K., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2021). Management of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in the hospital. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 9(3), 174-188. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(20)30381-8/fulltext?s=09 Stielow, M., Witczyńska, A., Kubryń, N., Fijałkowski, Ł., Nowaczyk, J., & Nowaczyk, A. (2023). The bioavailability of drugs—the current state of knowledge. Molecules, 28(24), 8038. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248038 Zhao, M., Ma, J., Li, M., Zhang, Y., Jiang, B., Zhao, X., ... & Qin, S. (2021). Cytochrome P450 enzymes and drug metabolism in humans. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 22(23), 12808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312808

Criteria	Ratings	Pts
Scenario 1: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection.	15 to >11.0 ptsExcellentMedication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate. 11 to >7.0 ptsGoodMedication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues. 7 to >3.0 ptsFairMedication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient. 3 to >0 ptsPoorMedication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics.	15 pts
Scenario 1: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.	3 ptsCompleteWritten medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 0 ptsPoorThe prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate.	3 pts
Scenario 1: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable.	4 ptsExcellentReferences for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used. 3 ptsGoodReferences for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 2 ptsFairReferences for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 ptsPoorNo references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.	4 pts
Scenario 1: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation	3 ptsExcellentUses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 2 ptsGoodContains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 1 ptsFairContains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 ptsPoorContains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.	3 pts
Scenario 2: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection.	15 to >11.0 ptsExcellentMedication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate. 11 to >7.0 ptsGoodMedication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues. 7 to >3.0 ptsFairMedication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient. 3 to >0 ptsPoorMedication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics.	15 pts
Scenario 2: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.	3 ptsCompleteWritten medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 0 ptsPoorThe prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate.	3 pts
Scenario 2: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable.	4 ptsExcellentReferences for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used. 3 ptsGoodReferences for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 2 ptsFairReferences for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 ptsPoorNo references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.	4 pts
Scenario 2: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation	3 ptsExcellentUses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 2 ptsGoodContains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 1 ptsFairContains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 ptsPoorContains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.	3 pts
Scenario 3: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection.	15 to >11.0 ptsExcellentMedication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate. 11 to >7.0 ptsGoodMedication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues. 7 to >3.0 ptsFairMedication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient. 3 to >0 ptsPoorMedication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics.	15 pts
Scenario 3: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.	3 ptsCompleteWritten medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 0 ptsPoorThe prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate.	3 pts
Scenario 3: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable.	4 ptsExcellentReferences for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used. 3 ptsGoodReferences for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 2 ptsFairReferences for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 ptsPoorNo references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.	4 pts
Scenario 3: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation	3 ptsExcellentUses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 2 ptsGoodContains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 1 ptsFairContains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 ptsPoorContains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.	3 pts
Scenario 4: Appropriate medication is prescribed or changed. Rationale provided and includes current literature to support decision. All aspects of the patient history are considered in making the medication selection.	15 to >11.0 ptsExcellentMedication selected is appropriate and considers all of the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear, complete, and appropriate. 11 to >7.0 ptsGoodMedication selected might be appropriate but conflicts with the unique patient characteristics. Rationale for selection is clear but lacks discussion about potential prescribing issues. 7 to >3.0 ptsFairMedication selected is not appropriate for this patient unique characteristics. Rationale provided is not correct or is flawed in applying the medication to this patient. 3 to >0 ptsPoorMedication selected is inappropriate or would not be provided based on patient unique characteristics.	15 pts
Scenario 4: Written medication orders include all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate.	3 ptsCompleteWritten medication orders includes all 5 aspects required for a valid order. The order is complete, accurate, and appropriate. 0 ptsPoorThe prescription is incomplete. Aspects of a complete order are missing. The order is either incomplete, inaccurate, or inappropriate.	3 pts
Scenario 4: References for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable.	4 ptsExcellentReferences for the scenario are within past 5 years and include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Correct APA format is used. 3 ptsGoodReferences for the scenario are within past 5 years but do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 2 ptsFairReferences for the scenario are not from within the past 5 years or do not reflect the content of this scenario and do not include the appropriate clinical practice guideline if applicable. Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 ptsPoorNo references are included. References do not reflect the content of this scenario. Appropriate clinical practice guideline is not include. Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.	4 pts
Scenario 4: Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation	3 ptsExcellentUses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 2 ptsGoodContains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 1 ptsFairContains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 ptsPoorContains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.	3 pts

Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacology to specific patient cases and health histories

Case studies are a useful way for you to apply your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic aspects

Assignment: Case Studies

Sample Expert Answer and Explanation

Case Studies Assignment

Scenario 1

Scenario 2: Hyperlipidemia and Drug-Induced Flushing

Scenario 3

Scenario 4

Conclusion

NRS-460 Benchmark – Case Study: Timothy Smith – Discharge Planning

NRS-460 Benchmark – Case Study: Timothy Smith – Medical Surgical Unit

NRS-460 Benchmark – Case Study: Timothy Smith – Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mrs T., focusing on what is normal and abnormal and how this relates to her current condition

Evaluate Mr Doe’s health history and other pertinent medical information presented above to answer the questions that follow

Mrs R is a 68-year-old married woman who has a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite requiring 2L of oxygen/nasal cannula at home during activity, she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day and has done so for 40 years

Use the “Case Study Timothy Smith – Hospice/Palliative Care” template to complete the assignment

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