Choose a clinical situation in your specialty and create a theory from your observations
Week 2: Discussion Question 1 – Concept Exploration
Discussion Prompt
Choose a theory from your undergraduate education in any discipline. It should be a commonly used theory for the general public such as Maslow, Darwin, Descartes, or others you used in physiology courses, chemistry, business courses, etc. Do not use a nursing theory. Provide the theory in your response. Identify the two concepts and the proposition between them. Explain the concepts. How might the terms used differ from the general use of the term? How might the term be confused or misinterpreted? Format your theory in the form “psychosocial development (Concept A) progresses through (Proposition) stages (Concept B)”.
Expert Answer and Explanation
Emmanuel Kant’s theory of categorical imperative
To explore the desired concept, this paper will focus on Emmanuel Kant’s theory of categorical imperative. Unlike other ethical theories that denote that the ability of a person to know write or wrong is tied to their deity, the categorical imperative argues that the knowledge of ethics does not come from supernatural forces (Kant, 2015). Rather, a person has to use reason to determine what is right from what is wrong.
According to Kant, religion should not be the basis for the determination of right or wrong and people should be ethical in religion and lack thereof. There are two categories of the categorical imperative with the first being that a person should treat people including themselves as an end and not just a means to get to their end (Kant, 2015). The second category is that a person should act to the maxim that they would like others to act on them (do unto others what you want others to do unto you) (Kant, 2015).
Concepts Overview
Concept One Universality: A person should treat people as ends and not as a stepping stone to an end (Concept A). Employers can use employees as a means to an end. (Concept B) A person who perceives people as an end will not use them, but employers can also make use of people to improve company revenue.
Concept Two Advantage: Treat others to what you would like to be universal (Concept A). A person can treat another badly. (Concept B) Should we accept that a person who treats others badly is acting in a manner that they want to be treated as well?
Reference
Kant, I. (2015). The categorical imperative. In Thinking About the Environment (pp. 96-102). Routledge.
Week 2: Discussion Question 2 – Personal Theory
Discussion Prompt
Choose a clinical situation in your specialty and create a theory from your observations. Report the theory to the class. Use a form that clearly identifies your concepts and proposition such as; “psychosocial development (Concept A) progresses through (Proposition) stages (Concept B)”. Identify and define the concepts involved and the proposition between them. For example, a surgical unit nurse may have observed that elevating the head of the bed for an abdominal surgery patient (Concept A) reduces (Proposition) complaints of pain (Concept B).
The concepts are the head of the bed and pain. The proposition is that changing one will decrease the other. Raising the head of the bed decreases pain. Use current literature to define your concepts. Each concept should have at least two supporting references.
Expert Answer and Explanation
The clinical situation that I will focus on is the issue of patient falls among elderly patients and the role of nurses in reducing the issue. An occurrence I have experienced is that the increase in nursing rounds can have a positive impact on the nature of patient falls is addressed. Through the rounds, nurses can keep a close eye on the patients and reduce the instances of patient falls (Grillo et al., 2019). From my observation, I can create the theory of professional law.
The theory is based on the notion that a professional that adheres to their code of conduct and ensures that their scope of practice is met, can be able to avert negative consequences to them and their clients. The law reflects the nursing practice in the notion that since nurses are able to adhere to the required nursing rounds and interact with patients as they should, they are able to reduce the instances of patient care and educate the patients on risk factors.
Concept of the Theory
The theory of professional law can be divided into different concepts and propositions. For instance, concept A denotes that professionals should adhere to their scope and exhaustively meet their obligations. Concept B denotes that patients would be able to achieve high satisfaction and better outcomes through having access to the care providers and proper care. The proposition is that patient rounds reduce patient falls. In this regard, the theory provides an overview of how professionalism can be a key factor between success and failure. Every professional needs to adhere to their scope of practice and successfully implement what is required of them at all times.
Reference
Grillo, D. M., Firth, K. H., & Hatchel, K. (2019). Implementation of purposeful hourly rounds in addition to a fall bundle to prevent inpatient falls on a medical-surgical acute hospital unit. Medsurg Nursing, 28(4), 243-250.
Week 3: Discussion Question 1 – Underlying Framework
Discussion Prompt
Watson’s Caring Theory, a grand theory and conceptual model in nursing, is the underlying framework for United States University College of Nursing’s programs. Identify a middle-range theory within her conceptual model. Clearly identify how she defines the concepts and propositions between them. Report them to the class using the form “psychosocial development (Concept A) progresses through (Proposition) stages (Concept B)”. Psychosocial development and stages are examples and NOT required for the assignment. Using the readings for the week, discuss why her work is considered a grand theory.
Expert Answer and Explanation
The nursing profession is one of the majority disciplines in the healthcare industry. Nurses are critical in care delivery, patient care, and bedside assistance. Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring provides insights into the nature of nursing as a profession and how nurses can ensure that they adjust their model of care. It is important that healthcare professionals adhere to present guidelines that ensure the attainment of good quality health. One of the guidelines is Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring (Sitzman & Watson, 2018). The theory is among the most common grand theories and conceptual models in the nursing industry.
The theory denotes that nursing is a key profession that is supposed to ensure that patients are cared for at all times during and after treatment. When compared to mid-range theory, grand theories such as Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring is more abstract, and profound and provided multiple concepts and a proposition. The correlation makes it possible to understand the nature of the theory and its possible interpretations.
Based on the theory, nurses are required to demonstrate proper and efficient care (Concept A) as the basis or precursor (proposition) to quality care and guidelines demonstrated by Watson (Concept B). Be that as it may, the work by Jean Watson has for a while been considered a grand theory based on different attributes. However, the main attribute is that the theory summarizes the role of the nurse in the healthcare sector and their mission as they interact with patients. Nurses are primary care providers regardless of their jurisdiction or area of practice (Sitzman & Watson, 2018). The Watson theory of caring can help nurses achieve their individual and common goals while at the same time ensuring efficiency.
References
Sitzman, K., & Watson, J. (2018). Caring science, mindful practice: Implementing watson’s human caring theory. Springer Publishing Company, LLC.
Week 3: Discussion Question 2 – Identifying a Framework
Discussion Prompt
In the lecture for the week, a theory was identified. “Knowledge as a component of the socio-cultural orientation basic conditioning factor enhances the prevention of hazards” is a theory from a major nursing framework. Identify the framework and provide an example of how other applications of this theory may occur in nursing practice. For example, you may say that education may enhance the reduction of free-throw rugs in an elderly person’s home which will prevent falls. Tie the concepts together by clearly defining them and how they could be measured.
Find an instrument, survey, or tool in the literature that could be used to measure the concept. For example, if you are measuring pain, you might use the Faces Pain Scale-Revised, at the following link: https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1519
Expert Answer and Explanation
Nurse educators are making use of theories that make use of scientific evidence and data to help identify patterns and trends. The use of patterns makes it possible for care providers to make informed decisions and ensure that all the key variables are put into place. The identified theory forms the week’s lecture provides different analogies. Accordingly, the theory denotes that “Knowledge as a component of the socio-cultural orientation basic conditioning factor enhances the prevention of hazards.” The theory is retrieved from the Self-Care Nursing Deficit Theory framework.
The framework was originally developed by Dorothea Orem who was one of the most prolific scholars and researchers (Tang et al., 2022). The theory came to be referred to as the Orem Model of Nursing and provides details on how people can be self-reliant and demonstrate astute responsibility for their care. And those of others within the family setting. The framework perceives patients as individual beings and proceeds to offer patient-centered care.
The theory can be applied in practice through various means. However, this discussion paper will focus on the role of the theory in the delivery of efficient practice within the rehabilitation field. Following successful treatment and care intervention, there is need for a patients to ensure that they care for their bodies (Tang et al., 2022). The rehabilitation period makes it possible for the patients to adhere to the guidelines of the doctors and improve how they relate with the rest of the world. The framework denotes that the patient needs to depict dedication, perseverance, and responsibility. Tools like patient feedback forms can be used to collect and analyze patient data and progress over time.
Reference
Tang, Y., Chen, Y., & Li, Y. (2022). Effect of Orem’s Self-Care Theory Combined with Active Pain Assessment on Pain, Stress and Psychological State of Children with Nephroblastoma Surgery. Frontiers in Surgery, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.90405
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