While the implementation plan prepares students to apply their research to the problem or issue
Benchmark – Literature Review
While the implementation plan prepares students to apply their research to the problem or issue they have identified for their capstone project change proposal, the literature review enables students to map out and move into the active planning and development stages of the project.
A literature review analyzes how current research supports the PICOT, as well as identifies what is known and what is not known in the evidence. Students will use the PICOT question from the earlier “PICOT Question” template and information from the “Literature Evaluation Table” assignment to develop a review.
Using eight peer-reviewed articles, write 750-1,000-word review that includes the following sections:
- Introduction section (including PICOT Question)
- A summary of the purpose of the studies
- A comparison of sample populations
- A synthesis of the studies’ conclusions (when looking at all of the studies together, group the conclusions by themes )
- A summary of the limitations of the studies
- A conclusion section, incorporating recommendations for further research
You are required to cite a minimum of eight peer-reviewed articles to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the past 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
Benchmark Information
This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:
RN-BSN
4.1: Advance the scholarship of nursing.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education
This assignment aligns to AACN Core Competencies 4.1
Expert Answer and Explanation
Literature Review
Handover communication or shift reporting is an essential process that determines the quality of care patients receive. It is a process that is highly dependent on the quality of information nurses exchange with each other, which in turn determines the quality of decisions made to ensure that there is continuity of care from one shift to another. There are different shift reporting approaches that healthcare facilities use. However, each approach has its own merits and demerits. Currently, the target healthcare facility is using a traditional shift reporting approach where the transaction of information is done away from the bedside.
While the traditional approach has been cited to save time during shift reporting, several challenges have emerged as a concern to patient quality, including the accuracy of the information documented and the inclusion of the patient in the care process. For this reason, a quality improvement initiative will be formulated to improve the handover communication process.
The change initiative will involve implementing a bedside shift reporting system guided by the following PICOT question; In an acute care setting (P) how does bedside shift reporting (I) compared to traditional shift reporting (C) affect patient satisfaction (O) within three months after intervention implementation (T)? The purpose of this paper will be to provide a literature review of evidence focusing on the PICOT question.
Summary of the Purpose of the Studies
From the identified literature, the authors had different intentions with their studies, which were relevant to the PICOT. For example, a study by Jimmerson et al. (2021) wanted to identify the handover communication experiences of acute care clinical nurses and nursing supervisors regarding appropriate content for bedside shift reporting (BSR) and barriers and facilitators related to the implementation of BSR. This was similar to McCloskey et al. (2019) whose study included patients and family members other than nurses. Studies with similar goals included a study by Grimshaw et al. (2020), Wiklund et al. (2020), and Oxelmark et al. (2020).
A study by Forde et al. (2020) had a different purpose which was to describe the structures, processes, and content of bedside handover at the change of nursing shift in an acute-care context. Another study with a different purpose was the study by Sun et al. (2020) which aimed to describe the relationship between inpatient falls, which is a quality aspect, and BSR. A study done by Clari et al. (2021) wanted to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the qualitative literature on the barriers to and facilitators of BSR which was almost similar to Jimmerson et al. (2021) that also focused on barriers and facilitators to BSR as experienced by nurses and patients.
Comparison of Sample Populations
The studies had different sample populations, with most focusing the sample collection on acute care settings, which is similar to the PICOT question. For example, Jimmerson et al. (2021) study had a sample comprising 22 clinical nurses and nursing supervisors in an acute care setting. The study by Oxelmark et al. (2020) focused on 218 adult medical patients and 101 registered nurses also in an acute care setting. The study by Grimshaw et al. (2020) had a sample comprising seven medical, surgical, and intensive care unit nurses in a community hospital.
Wiklund et al. (2020) study was based on a child delivery unit focusing on 19 couples. In the study by Forde et al. (2020), the researchers’ sample comprised 30 episodes of bedside handover, while Sun et al. (2020) sample comprised 9,693 observations recorded from 11 units at four different hospitals over 281 shifts. Two studies were systematic reviews; the study by McCloskey et al. (2019), whose sample was collected from 12 qualitative publications, and the study by Clari et al. (2021), which had twenty-four articles included in the review.
A Synthesis of the Studies’ Conclusions
From the findings, different themes emerged concerning the use of BSR. The first theme is effectiveness, where a majority of the studies identified it as a suitable method for improving patient outcomes. One such study is the study by Clari et al. (2021), where the authors noted that BSR enhances patient safety and increases satisfaction and recognition among patients and nurses, with Sun et al. (2020) reporting a positive correlation between BSR and patient safety. Wiklund et al. (2020), on the other hand, noted that patients after participating in BSR felt they were treated professionally felt involved during the handover.
However, it was also noted that handover was nurse-dominated, with the outgoing nurse having a significant influence on the degree of patient participation (Forde et al., 2020). Similarly, from the findings made by Oxelmark et al. (2020), it was noted that patients had a stronger preference for BSR compared to nurses, perceiving their participation during handover as highly important.
Another theme from the findings relates to the challenges and barriers to implementing BSR, which include time, where nurses’ workflow needs to be taken into consideration (Jimmerson et al., 2021), continuity of care, visualization, and challenges in the communication of discreet information (Grimshaw et al., 2020). However, McCloskey et al. (2019) noted that the challenges with implementing BSR can be overcome with adaptive practices.
The third theme focused on consideration for the content shared during BSR. For example, Jimmerson et al. (2021) noted in their findings that the BSR approach should be modified, the process and specific critical content should be individualized to become meaningful for all parties involved, and certain critical content be discussed outside the patient’s room while others inside the patient’s room. Other considerations from the findings, as reported by McCloskey et al. (2019), include upholding patient confidentiality and privacy and factoring in the varying desire and ability to participate in the BSR during implementation.
Limitations of the Studies
From the studies, some of the limitations that were identified include low sample populations, especially in qualitative studies, which could affect the level of generalizability of research findings. Another limitation that emerged with the systematic reviews selected was that they failed to give an accurate sample of participants from the primary research used. Another limitation was that most of the studies reviewed failed to indicate the influence of the research setting, for example, leadership and adoption of BSR, which is an area that should be considered for further research.
Conclusion
From the findings and limitations of the studies reviewed, one recommendation is to conduct further research on the facilitators of BSR. Additionally, more research should be conducted on approaches to increase engagement among nurses and patients and the content to share with patients during handover. Nonetheless, BSR is an effective approach in enhancing patient involvement in their care and consequently improving their satisfaction and outcomes, as noted in the literature.
References
Clari, M., Conti, A., Chiarini, D., Martin, B., Dimonte, V., & Campagna, S. (2021). Barriers to and facilitators of bedside nursing handover: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 36(4), E51–E58. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000564
Forde, M. F., Coffey, A., & Hegarty, J. (2020). Bedside handover at the change of nursing shift: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(19-20), 3731–3742. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15403
Grimshaw, J., Hatch, D., Willard, M., & Abraham, S. (2020). A qualitative study of the change-of-shift report at the patient’s bedside. The Health Care Manager, 39(2), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCM.0000000000000291
Jimmerson, J., Wright, P., Cowan, P. A., King-Jones, T., Beverly, C. J., & Curran, G. (2021). Bedside shift report: Nurses’ opinions based on their experiences. Nursing Open, 8(3), 1393–1405. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.755
McCloskey, R. M., Furlong, K. E., & Hansen, L. (2019). JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 17(5), 754–792. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003737
Oxelmark, L., Whitty, J. A., Ulin, K., Chaboyer, W., Gonçalves, A. S. O., & Ringdal, M. (2020). Patients prefer clinical handover at the bedside; nurses do not: Evidence from a discrete choice experiment. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 105, 103444.
Sun, C., Fu, C. J., O’Brien, J., Cato, K. D., Stoerger, L., & Levin, A. (2020). Exploring practices of bedside shift report and hourly rounding. Is there an impact on patient falls?. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 50(6), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0000000000000897
Wiklund, I., Sahar, Z., Papadopolou, M., & Löfgren, M. (2020). Parental experience of bedside handover during childbirth: A qualitative interview study. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 24, 100496.
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